A Broadband Sensor for Permittivity Measurement of Solid, Crystal Grain, and Powder Dielectrics in Microwave Range

This study presents a novel and accurate solution for measuring the real and imaginary parts of permittivity in a wide range of dielectrics. The proposed sensor, featuring a compact metal enclosure and a rectangular aperture, is a valuable tool for microwave characterization of different dielectrics. The study encompasses both theoretical and experimental approaches, combining finite element simulations to showcase the sensor’s accuracy in diverse environments and with different material forms such as solid, crystal grain, and powder. A series of experiments were conducted using four sensors with varying enclosure dimensions, allowing for comprehensive measurements of complex permittivity within the frequency range of 3–15 GHz. The proposed sensor not only provides high accuracy but also offers a cost-effective and efficient solution for permittivity measurements. It requires only a small sample volume and eliminates the need for complex sample preparation procedures. This research demonstrates a promising alternative to conventional techniques used for permittivity measurement, opening up new methods for investigating dielectric properties in a variety of industrial and research settings.