Utilizing Landsat imageries for Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis of the Penang Island

The advancement in remote sensing and GIS technologies make it possible to be an effective instrument to extract information of the earth's surface such as temperature without being in direct contact. The satellite imagery of the Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) that was launched in 2014 with enhancement of two additional thermal bands as compared to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of only one thermal band was utilized to study its capabilities for Land Surface Temperature (LST) extraction and mapping. In this research the LST of Penang Island was extracted and its relationship with the land use and land cover (LULC) was also investigated. There are two objectives of this research, i) to derive land surface temperature (LST) using Landsat OLI and Landsat TM; ii) to quantify the best band accuracy of Landsat OLI (i.e. band 10 and band 11) for the LST extraction and mapping and iii) to investigate the relationship of LST with land use and land cover (LULC) for the years of 2010 and 2014. The result indicated the Landsat OLI of the band 10 provides better LST result as compared to the band 11. In addition, this research revealed that different LULC has different temperature with the urban areas indicated the highest LST with temperature variations between 5°C to 10°C as compared to the non — urban areas of the Penang Island.