Electromagnetic time reversal applied to fault detection: The issue of losses

Electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) has recently been applied to the problem of fault location in AC and DC power grids. In this paper, we present an analysis of the effect of losses on the application of EMTR to locate faults. Three models for the back propagation are proposed and discussed. We show that a back-propagation model in which the losses are included results in a perfect estimation of the fault location, even though in this case the telegrapher's equations are not strictly time-reversal invariant.