Industry 4.1 for Wheel Machining Automation

Industry 4.0 is set to be one of the new manufacturing objectives. The technologies involved to achieve Industry 4.0 are Internet of Things (IoT), cyber physical systems (CPS), and cloud manufacturing (CM). However, the current objectives defined by Industry 4.0 do not include zero defects; it only keeps the faith of achieving nearly zero-defects state. The purpose of this paper is to propose a platform denoted advanced manufacturing cloud of things (AMCoT) to not only achieve the objectives of Industry 4.0 but also accomplish the goal of zero defects by applying the technology of automatic virtual metrology (AVM). As such, by applying Industry 4.0 together with AVM to achieve the goal of zero defects, the era of Industry 4.1 is taking place. The application of wheel machining automation is adopted in this letter to illustrate how AMCoT and Industry 4.1 work.