Modeling Three-Dimensional Passive STAP With Heterogeneous Clutter and Pulse Diversity Waveform Effects

As passive radar becomes more popular, modeling its behavior and physics becomes more critical. Particular to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for ground moving target indication, the way in which clutter is modeled will directly impact performance expectations and results. Furthermore, modeling Doppler modulation from uncooperative waveforms can also impact performance assessments. This paper introduces a three-dimensional model that incorporates a novel method for modeling clutter and waveform impacts in passive STAP.

I. Introduction

Passive radar is not a new concept and has received much research. As accessibility of commercial signals continues to increase, passive radar becomes more attractive. With passive radar, it is not necessary to compete for frequency spectrum or invest in transmitter hardware. These eliminations, in turn, reduce the cost of passive radar systems.