Bandwidth optimization using fractal geometry on rectangular microstrip patch antenna with DGS for wireless applications

To have small, compatible and affordable antennas is the need of today's mobile devices. Microstrip antennas are best choice for wireless devices because of characteristics like low weight, ease of fabrication and low cost. But on the other hand, microstrip antenna also suffers from disadvantages like they have less bandwidth and gain. So measure issues for consideration are multiband and wideband operation of antenna. In order to obtain multiband and wideband characteristics, different techniques can be used like cutting a slot in patch, fractal geometry and DGS (Defected Ground structure). In order to increase bandwidth, DGS can be used. It is to be noted that within particular area of ground different DGS can produce different resonant frequencies and different bandwidth. In this paper, the use of fractal geometry with three iterations has been proposed. This results in multiband operation of patch antenna with added advantage of size reduction. Further the wideband characteristic of antenna is improved by applying DGS. Simulation results show that an improvement in bandwidth of 10% could be achieved for S-band patch antenna.