A quantum voltmeter for precision AC measurements

An AC quantum voltmeter has been developed for precision AC voltage measurements into the kHz range. A special sub-sampling technique is used such that no information of the AC voltage under test is lost. A comparison of the AC quantum voltmeter and an ultra-stable precision waveform generator has been performed. The Allan deviation analysis demonstrates a voltage output stability of 2 × 10
^-8
in 1 minute at the level of 2.5 V
_RMS
. The measurements are validated with an AC-DC transfer measurement using a planar multijunction thermal converter.