A flexible loop antenna for biomedical bone implants

In this paper a flexible loop antenna is proposed for biomedical bone implants in the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service (401-406 MHz) and the Industrial Scientific and Medical (433-434.8 MHz) bands which is probably the first bone implantable antenna that covers these bands. This antenna has shown a robust performance against up to 50 % of the variations of the body dielectric properties. The main design considerations for bone implantable antennas in comparison with the corresponding considerations for muscle implantable antennas are also addressed in this paper.