I. Introduction
The inadequacy of many of our current transport systems, when it comes to coping with factors such as rising volumes of traffic and environmental pollution, together with rapid advancements in information and communications technology (ICT), has sparked much investment in developing smarter transportation systems. Projects such as EcoGem (Cooperative Advanced Driver Assistance System for Green Cars), funded in the context of the European Green Cars Initiative, aim to integrate technology and intelligence into vehicles and the physical transportation infrastructure in order to provide increased efficiency, safety, and capacity on our roads, and improve the general road travelling experience.