A Gravitational Search Algorithm-Based Controller for Multiarea Power Systems: Conventional and Renewable Sources With Variable Load Disturbances and Perturbed System Parameters

Variations in load demands, changes in system parameters, and the continuous integration of renewable energy sources leave scopes of improvements in the performance of a load frequency controller (LFC). To address such issues, a gravitational search algorithm (GSA)-based LFC is proposed to incorporate dynamic state variations in multiarea power systems. It helps to minimize the frequency deviations in individual areas and power deviations in the tie lines maintaining the system stability. The proposed method is validated on a two-area photovoltaic (PV) integrated thermal power system.