Stochastic Flexible Resource Operations in Coordinated Green-Seaport Energy-Logistics Systems Using Constraint Generation Approach

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in modern green seaports calls for more flexible management approaches that can minimize the daily seaport operation costs and RES curtailments. This article establishes an optimal strategy in two-time intervals for flexible operations of energy storage systems (ESSs) and combined electric-thermal power demands of reefer containers in the coordinated green-seaport energy-logistics systems (ELS). For the day-ahead operation, a multistage stochastic optimization model is established to minimize the expected ELS operation cost according to the 24 h ahead forecasts. Uncertainties of RES power outputs, load demands, electricity prices, and ambient temperatures are considered in the optimization of day-ahead operation. For the intraday operation, hydrogen, battery, and thermal storage systems (TSSs), as well as reefer container operations are optimized based on the short lead time forecasts. Numerical simulations are carried out based on the Jurong seaport operation in Singapore to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal operation strategy for the coordinated green-seaport ELS. Simulation results reveal that the proposed strategy can achieve the lowest operation cost and the lowest RES curtailment in a green seaport.