I. Introduction
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries offer the best trade-off between power/energy density and costs for energy storage in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). A great deal of research on this technology has led to the introduction of different chemical compositions of the battery, which differ in the materials of the electrodes and the electrolyte and thus in the achieved performances [1]–[3].