I. Introduction
Ethereum is famous as the largest blockchain platform that supports smart contracts [1], which becomes increasingly prosperous and has attracted investors from all over the world [2]. To date, the market capitalization of Ethereum has reached about U.S. 367 billion USD.1 The native cryptocurrency called Ether (ETH) as well as the account model are implemented on Ethereum [3], and the accounts can make transactions with one another. However, because of the anonymity of accounts, criminals have exploited blockchain as a new powerful tool [4], [5], [6] to move and store illicit funds, out of the reach of law enforcement and other authorities. According to a crypto crime report of Chainalysis,2 a great diversity of high-risk crimes hit a new all-time high in 2021, with illicit accounts receiving U.S. 14 billion over the course of the year, up from U.S. 7.8 billion in 2020, indicating that account risk assessment on Ethereum has become a critical issue. Account risk assessment not only assists accounts to distinguish risky accounts and prevent them from financial losses, but also plays a remarkable role in the antimoney laundering [7] of virtual asset service providers [8].
https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/Ethereum/
https://go.chainalysis.com/2022-crypto-crime-report.html