When Quantum Information Technologies Meet Blockchain in Web 3.0

With the drive to create a decentralized digital economy, Web 3.0 has become a cornerstone of digital transformation, developed on the basis of computing power networks, distributed data storage, and blockchain. With the rapid realization of quantum devices, Web 3.0 is being developed in parallel with the deployment of quantum cloud computing and quantum Internet. In this regard, quantum computing first disrupts the original cryptographic systems that protect data security while reshaping modern cryptography with the advantages of quantum computing and communication. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a quantum blockchain-driven Web 3.0 framework that provides information-theoretic security for decentralized data transferring and payment transactions. First, we present the framework of quantum blockchain-driven Web 3.0 with futureproof security during the transmission of data and transaction information. Next, we discuss the potential applications and challenges of implementing quantum blockchain in Web 3.0. Finally, we describe a use case for quantum non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and propose a quantum deep learning-based optimal auction for NFT trading to maximize the achievable revenue for sufficient liquidity in Web 3.0. In this way, the proposed framework can achieve proven security and sustainability for the next-generation decentralized digital society.

Introduction

With distinctive features of the creator economy and decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), Web 3.0 can improve user experience and guarantee user privacy and security to the next dimension [2]. The decentralization of Web 3.0 is based on blockchain, along with computing power networks (CPNs) [3] and distributed data storage as key technologies, which promises to provide data security, transparency, and accountability for digital transformation activities [4]. These promising advantages of blockchain are based on one-way mathematical functions in classical computing, e.g., hash functions and public-key encryption. Unfortunately, blockchain is particularly at risk since these computational assumptions of one-way functions are broken by quantum computing. With the superposition and the entanglement of quantum bits (qubits), quantum computing can provide sufficient computing power to break existing digital signatures and hash functions within secrecy periods, e.g., quantum computers with qubits can crack RSA-2048 within eight hours.