I. Introduction
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries represent a major component of the cost and weight of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) [1]. Battery energy capacity and internal resistance degrade with time and use. Hence, designing batteries to last the life of a vehicle while still meeting minimum energy and power constraints presents a challenge [2]. Intelligent charge power control algorithms can extend battery life by minimizing the degradation that occurs during charging [3], [4]. A vehicle equipped with a supervisory charge controller that minimizes the effects of charging on battery life can potentially be equipped with a smaller, less expensive battery while still meeting battery capacity and power requirements over a specified vehicle lifetime.