A Mobility-Aware Human-Centric Cyber–Physical System for Efficient and Secure Smart Healthcare

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) have developed rapidly in recent years, contributing to an efficient integration between the cyber and physical worlds in intelligent and connected city environments. However, efficient mobility in a CPS is not well solved. Here, we present a prototype for a privacy-aware secure human-centric mobility-aware (SHM) model proposed and tested to analyze physical and human domains in IoT-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed SHM model involves five modules: 1) sensor advertisements; 2) mobile sensor recruitment; 3) load balancing; 4) transmission guarantee; and 5) privacy with data-sharing phases. The proposed model is also validated using an accurate testing method that involves software and hardware tools and mathematical modeling to confirm secure communication. The model provides a tradeoff between energy efficiency and Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements and compares the performance with other known models/protocols. Our testing process continued for four days, demonstrating that the SHM model provides compelling features of a secure CPS based on actual testing results. In practice, our model can be used in hospitals, as evident from validation in a real-life environment following the protocols.