Collective Memory for Detecting Nonconcurrent Clones: A Localized Approach for Global Topology and Identity Tracing in IoT Networks

Clone attack is considered as a severely destructive threat in Internet of Things (IoT), because: 1) the attack may be easily launched due to the deficiency of hardware architecture and the limited resources against physical capture and compromise and 2) it may trigger a large variety of insider and outsider attacks. Different from traditional clone attack detection approaches that ground on a large amount of data traversing the network (e.g., locations and identities), this article tackles this problem by answering the following fundamental questions: do we really need so much raw information? whether there is an alternative for local event detection by a node far away from that event? when acquiring/tracing global knowledge of a system/network, do we really need a global collection effort? These questions are of much importance in a large variety of networks. Specifically, this article provides a collective memory design for global topology and identity tracing (GTI Tracing), via a localized computing paradigm within neighborhood. This localized paradigm computationally builds a connection of identity and topology from time and space domain to a new computation domain. Such a computation domain retains four properties: 1) transitivity; 2) global convergence; 3) determinacy; and 4) causality. With byte-size information at an arbitrary device, it can recover and keep tracing global topology and identity information, and thus providing deterministic detection of clones. Both theoretical analysis and experimental study have shown the advantages of the proposed design in both detection accuracy and privacy protection, at a cost of light communication, storage, and computation overhead at each device.