I. Introduction
SYNCHRONIZATION and cooperation of multi-agent systems have attracted a considerable attention due to their extensive engineering applications such as control theory, microgrids, computer science etc. [1]–[6]. In recent decade, the cooperation and coordination of multi-agent systems have been substantially addressed [7], [8], which is a basic requirement for studying multiagent systems [9]. Cooperation among agents without centralized controller while each agent can only access to local/neighboring information is one of the main challenges in multiagent systems. This problem is one of the most fundamental issues of cooperation control, whose main duty is to implement a distributed protocol via local and neighboring information so that the states or the outputs of agents can reach a prescribed agreement [10]. Analytical and numerical methodologies to solve the synchronization problem have been reported in literature, which is evident from several monographs [11], [12], and numerous articles in different settings, such as consensus [13] and the references therein.