Partial Shading Detection and Smooth Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Arrays Under PSC

One of the most important issues in the operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system is extracting maximum power from the PV array, especially in partial shading condition (PSC). Under PSC,
P–V
characteristic of PV arrays will have multiple peak points, only one of which is global maximum. Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are not able to extract maximum power in this condition. In this paper, a novel two-stage MPPT method is presented to overcome this drawback. In the first stage, a method is proposed to determine the occurrence of PSC, and in the second stage, using a new algorithm that is based on ramp change of the duty cycle and continuous sampling from the
P–V
characteristic of the array, global maximum power point (MPP) of array is reached. Perturb and observe algorithm is then re-activated to trace small changes of the new MPP. Open-loop operation of the proposed method makes its implementation cheap and simple. The method is robust in the face of changing environmental conditions and array characteristics, and has minimum negative impact on the connected power system. Simulations in Matlab/Simulink and experimental results validate the performance of the proposed methods.