State of the Art on Power Conditioning for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

In recent years, interface circuits of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) for power conditioning have been significantly advancing. This article comprehensively reviews various techniques for designing such interface circuits. It first highlights some critical challenges in designing and implementing these systems, including impedance matching, cold startup, system size, and self-supplement capability. And then the article reviews the recent solutions generated by the research community. In particular, we discuss recent progress and advancement on hybrid methods and active methodologies that use combinational components for piezoelectric energy harvesting. In addition, the importance of efficient power management for PEHs is emphasized, especially for microelectromechanical system scale PEHs that demand ultra-low power consumption. Finally the study presents various statistical findings and perspectives that can guide future research and development efforts aimed at enhancing the performance of small-scale autonomous conditioning circuits for PEHs.