A Reduced-Order Observer-Based Method for Simultaneous Diagnosis of Open-Switch and Current Sensor Faults of a Grid-Tied NPC Inverter

This article presents a reduced-order observer-based simultaneous diagnosis strategy for grid-tied neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters subjected to open-switch and current sensor faults. First, the augmented descriptor system is constructed for the NPC inverter to transfer the current sensor fault into a generalized state vector. Then, the matrix transformations are applied to decouple the open-switch fault from the inverter system state and the current sensor fault. Subsequently, a reduced-order observer is developed for the transformed augmented descriptor system to achieve a simultaneous precise estimation of the phase current and the current sensor fault. Finally, using the estimation results, a diagnosis algorithm with an adaptive threshold is proposed, which can not only distinguish between current sensor faults and open-switch faults but also locate the faulty power switch and estimate different types of current sensor faults. Experimental results and comparisons are provided to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis algorithm.