EEG source localization using spatio-temporal neural network

Source localization of focal electrical activity from scalp electroencephalogram (sEEG) signal is generally modeled as an inverse problem that is highly ill-posed. In this paper, a novel source localization method is proposed to model the EEG inverse problem using spatio-temporal long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM). The network model consists of two parts, sEEG encoding and source decoding, to model the sEEG signal and receive the regression of source location. As there does not exist enough annotated sEEG signals correspond to specific source locations, simulated data is generated with forward model using finite element method (FEM) to act as a part of training signals. A framework for source localization is proposed to estimate the source position based on simulated training data. Experiments are done on simulated testing data. The results on simulated data exhibit good robustness on noise signal, and the proposed network solves the EEG inverse problem with spatio-temporal deep network. The result show that the proposed method overcomes the highly ill-posed linear inverse problem with data driven learning.