I. Introduction
In response to the demand for energy-saving and environmental-friendly applications, new energy sources or storage devices, including photovoltaic (PV) cell, fuel cell, supercapacitor, and their combinations, would be energy sources for modern electric vehicles (EVs). There are high demands for optimizing the performance of the interface between source, storage, motor, and other loads in such systems [1]. To meet the strenuous requirement and better serve battery and motor systems in EVs, the bidirectional dc/dc converter (Bi-DCC), which mainly acts as a bridge between the energy regulation and the current-based control of the motor controller, is introduced. It is also an indispensable interfacing circuit for energy storage devices, distributed power generation systems, and dc microgrids that play a vital role in maintaining the dc grid’s stability [2]. Currently, this type of converters has been widely utilized by mainly focusing on independent PV power generation systems, fuel cell systems, aviation power supplies, EVs, and various cutting-edge power supplies and energy storage [3].