Assessing the Risk of Implementing System Integrity Protection Schemes in a Power System With Significant Wind Integration

System integrity protection schemes (SIPS) are widely applied to power networks to ensure their operating security. This is particularly important when a network is operating close to its limits. As a result of green initiatives, SIPS are being applied on many national networks to accommodate new generation interconnections and especially wind farms. However, this results in an increased probability of undesirable interactions between multiple SIPS and raises concerns about SIPS reliability. A procedure to assess the risk of SIPS maloperations and undesirable interactions between different SIPS on the same or neighboring systems is proposed in this paper. A numerical illustration of this method is presented using the PJM 5-bus system to demonstrate the performance of various SIPS solutions that involve advanced information communication technologies and wide area monitoring, protection, and control. The risk assessment method can be used to integrate the impact of SIPS into a SIPS-aided transmission expansion plan. A new type of SIPS with adaptive protection logics that adjusts to the increasingly variable system conditions and the performance of other protection schemes is proposed to manage the induced risk.