Methodology to Estimate the Financial Impacts of the Integration of PV Generators in Distribution Systems on Voltage Sags and Energy Losses

In this paper, a methodology is proposed to, on the one hand, estimate gains on electric utilities with the minimization of annual financial losses due to voltage sags (FL
_sag
) and cost of energy losses (S
_EL
) as a result of financial investments on photovoltaic systems (C
_PVS
) and, on the other hand, identify subsidies that can be offered by utilities to the end users aiming to cover part of the initial C
_PVS
. The gains and subsidies are estimated by the identification of ideal locations and sizing of PVS, which considers the global minimization of C
_PVS
, FL
_sag,
and S
_EL
. The methodology is applied to a real distribution network with 670 busbars. The results show that it is possible to achieve gains of 3.9% in FL
_sag
and 25% in S
_EL
and to offer subsidies to low-voltage PV owners between 14.5% and 16.5% of total C
_PVS
to achieve strategic benefits for both electric utilities and end users. The identified gains and subsidies aim to offer fair tariffs to end users and to complement other economic incentives already offered by the government to increase the penetration rate of renewable energies.