Current Displacement Effects on Copper Losses in PWM Supplied Electrical Machines

This document provides a comparison of hairpin winding, pull-in winding and litz wire winding technology on the ac copper losses of a permanent magnet (PM) excited electrical machine. Current displacement effects under pure sinusoidal current and pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage supply are studied based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The resulting additional ac copper losses are analyzed for three winding technologies.