Boosting Convolutional Neural Networks With Middle Spectrum Grouped Convolution

This article proposes a novel module called middle spectrum grouped convolution (MSGC) for efficient deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) with the mechanism of grouped convolution. It explores the broad “middle spectrum” area between channel pruning and conventional grouped convolution. Compared with channel pruning, MSGC can retain most of the information from the input feature maps due to the group mechanism; compared with grouped convolution, MSGC benefits from the learnability, the core of channel pruning, for constructing its group topology, leading to better channel division. The middle spectrum area is unfolded along four dimensions: groupwise, layerwise, samplewise, and attentionwise, making it possible to reveal more powerful and interpretable structures. As a result, the proposed module acts as a booster that can reduce the computational cost of the host backbones for general image recognition with even improved predictive accuracy. For example, in the experiments on the ImageNet dataset for image classification, MSGC can reduce the multiply–accumulates (MACs) of ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 by half but still increase the Top-1 accuracy by more than
$1\%$
. With a
$35\%$
reduction of MACs, MSGC can also increase the Top-1 accuracy of the MobileNetV2 backbone. Results on the MS COCO dataset for object detection show similar observations. Our code and trained models are available at https://github.com/hellozhuo/msgc.