A Real-Time Power Allocation Algorithm and its Communication Optimization for Geographically Dispersed Energy Storage Systems

The paper presents a distributed algorithm that regulates the power outputs of multiple dispersed energy storage systems (DESS), which can be used to provide desirable services for power systems, such as renewable generation output smoothing and secondary control. The algorithm is based on the cooperative control principle of network control theory and it satisfies both the power balance requirement of power systems and the fair utilization among the DESS. The most distinct feature of the algorithm is that each DESS only requires the information from its neighbors through some local communication networks (CN), utilizing a virtual leader embedded in one or several DESS to receive a power command signal. In addition, to improve the robustness of the CN among DESS, two optimization models are formulated to design the so-called “
${\rm N}-1$
” redundant network, while considering both economic issues and convergence rate. These features enable the DESS under the algorithm to have both self-organizing and adaptive coordination properties under some adverse conditions. Simulation on the IEEE 123-bus distribution system validates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.