Comprehensive-Contribution-Based Primary Frequency Regulation Market Design for the Converter-Integrated Power System

The rising penetration of renewable energy leads to the integration of numerous converter-interfaced generators (CIG) in the power system. Equipped with high frequency regulation performance, CIGs are appropriate providers of the primary frequency regulation (PFR) service, which refers to the self-controlled frequency regulation service. To clarify the deserved compensation of each unit from providing PFR service in the converter-integrated power system (CIPS), a comprehensive-contribution-based PFR market is designed in this article. First, the unified transfer function structure (UTFS) is introduced to model the frequency dynamics of the CIPS. Specifically, the system frequency nadir, the rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF), and the output dynamics of each unit during PFR are obtained from the UTFS. Second, given the detailed dynamic information of the CIPS, we propose a dynamic constrained market clearing model (DCMCM) and a quantification method of units' contribution to the PFR market. Units' contribution to the frequency nadir, the RoCoF, and the mileage are comprehensively considered in the proposed method, which is capable to measure the contribution of CIGs. Furthermore, settlement rules which match with the proposed comprehensive contribution are proposed for the PFR market. Finally, the case study results show that units with better frequency regulation performance can benefit more, based on the proposed market mechanism. Compared with the commonly used mileage-based contribution quantification method, the proposed approach is more suitable for CIGs.