A Framework for Observer-Based Robust Fault Detection in Nonlinear Systems With Application to Synchronous Generators in Power Systems

A nonlinear robust fault detection scheme for synchronous generators in power systems is presented. The higher-order model of a synchronous generator having nonlinearity in dynamics is considered. A nonlinear observer-based fault detection (FD) scheme is proposed so that the designed FD is robust against disturbances, uncertainties, and sensitive to faults. To this end, a mixed
$\mathcal {L}_{-}/\mathcal {L}_\infty$
induced norm-based framework is proposed, and various faults that are encountered in synchronous generators are investigated. The success of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through an application to IEEE 9-bus and 3-machine systems.