Efficient Power Flow Algorithm for AC/MTDC Considering Complementary Constraints of VSC's Reactive Power and AC Node Voltage

For a hybrid ac/dc power system incorporating voltage source converter-based multi-terminal direct current (VSC-MTDC) grids, it is essential to solve the power flow problems efficiently for reliable operation. This paper presents an efficient ac/dc power flow algorithm considering the complementary constraints of VSC's reactive power limit and ac node voltage. It can be distinguished from the existing works in terms of both modeling and algorithm aspects. First, the VSC model is formulated, in which the interactions between the reactive power limit and the ac node voltage of VSC are viewed as complementary relations. The complementary relations are expressed using a smooth Fischer-Burmeister function. Then, power flow models of the ac grid and dc grid with a constant Jacobian matrix are formulated based on the VSC model, respectively. To efficiently solve the power flow of an ac/dc grid, the structure characteristic of the Jacobian matrix of ac/dc power flow computation is analyzed. It shows that the Jacobian matrix can be approximated as a block-upper triangular one. Based on this characteristic, a decoupled ac/dc power flow computation algorithm is provided. Test results on two hybrid ac/dc systems under different scenarios validate the correctness, convergence, and efficiency of the proposed power flow algorithm.