The Online Charging and Discharging Scheduling Potential of Electric Vehicles Considering the Uncertain Responses of Users

A method for evaluating the charging and discharging scheduling potential of electric vehicles in case of the occasional operation of a power grid is proposed, which describes the variations in the users' responses. Considering the social relationships and mutual learning among users, an evolutionary game model for the optimal response in a complex network is established to study the response rule of the users for the scheduling measures. Wardrop's first traffic equilibrium model is applied to calculate the shortest time for the vehicles to arrive at the charging station from their response sites. Finally, the scheduling potential at a charging station is effectively evaluated considering the influence of the type of activities that the users participate in and their credits. Taking a test traffic network and the traffic network of Beijing third ring road as examples, the responses of the electric vehicle users are studied, and the scheduling potential of electric vehicles in different scenarios is verified. Although an increased incentive can improve the response level of the electric vehicles, it may lead to a reduction in the scheduling capacity, delays in the charging and discharging starting time, and a shortened scheduling duration.