Hybrid Solar Cells With Polymeric Bulk Heterojunction Layers Containing Inorganic Nanoparticles

Hybrid solar cells are fabricated with ternary bulk heterojunction layers that consist of p-type conjugated polymer, n-type fullerene derivative, and n-type inorganic nanoparticle (zinc oxide). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid solar cells was marginally improved up to 9.54% at a small content (1 wt%) of inorganic nanoparticle. A small hybrid solar module, which is made by connecting four 9.54% PCE hybrid solar cells in series, successfully operated a white light-emitting diode (LED).