I. Introduction
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one of the solar energies and have been widely investigated in recent years [1]–[3]. There are four parts in the traditional DSSC, including titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and Platinum (Pt)-counter electrode. In general, TiO2 photoelectrode played an important role in the process of fabricating the DSSC, which influenced the electron transportation and recombination for the DSSC. Hence, improving the properties of the TiO2 photoelectrode was one of the ways to enhance the photovoltaic performances of the DSSC.