Incorporation of ${\rm TiO}_{2}$ Nanoparticles Into ${\rm SnO}_{2}$ Nanofibers for Higher Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Incorporation of TiO
₂
nanoparticles into SnO
₂
nanofibers as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells improved the cell efficiency from 4.63% to 6.17%. The addition of TiO
₂
nanoparticles increased the surface area of the photoanode that led to the enhancement in the dye attachment. In addition, the incorporation of TiO
₂
nanoparticles helped in the reduction of the recombination of electrons in the photoanode with the electrolyte resulting in the increase in the open circuit voltage (V
_oc
) and fill factor.