Many-Objective HEMS Based on Multi-Scale Occupant Satisfaction Modelling and Second-Life BESS Utilization

Second life battery energy storage systems (SL-BESSs), previously deployed in electric vehicles (EVs), have potentials for being re-used for other applications. In this context, this paper investigates the utilization of a SL-BESS to support the home energy management. In particular, the paper establishes the SL-BESS's model and the multi-scale satisfaction indices required to verify the dwelling satisfaction conditions of a building occupant. These satisfaction indices account for: (i) the usage satisfaction associated with the controllable, plug-in appliances to ensure that these are operated based on the occupants’ desired preferences; (ii) the indoor thermal comfort that is controlled through the air conditioner's operation, and; (iii) the acoustic comfort that accounts for the possible disturbance induced by the appliances’ operations. The proposed many-objective home energy management system identifies operation plans for the controllable home energy resources, aiming at establishing a trade-off among a variety of home operation considerations, including the household energy cost, the SL-BESS's lifetime preservation, the multi-scale satisfaction indices, and the Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) of the home load. A Reference-Point-Based Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-III) based solving approach is developed for obtaining the Pareto frontier of the proposed system and numerical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed method.