Optimization of Short-Term Overproduction Response of Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Emphasis in this paper is on the optimization of the short-term overproduction response of variable speed wind turbines for synthetic inertia provision or fast frequency control. The short-term overproduction response of wind turbines plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the resilience of future power systems with low inertia especially during large frequency disturbances. Novel optimization approaches employing the genetic algorithm are proposed to maximize the released energy from the wind turbine during its overproduction period considering the electrical and mechanical constraints. Based on the optimization results, the paper identifies and analyzes a set of relevant aspects to be taken into account by power system operators and wind turbine developers in the process of designing the synthetic inertia provision or the fast frequency control. Additionally, the impact of the short-term over production response on the wind turbine structural loading is analyzed through a set of aeroelastic simulations to further investigate aerodynamic limitations.

I. Introduction

The installed wind power over the world in 2016 had the capability of suppling approximately 4.7% of the global electricity demand [1]. Accordingly, in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, the wind power is expected to be capable of producing 50% of Europe's electricity demand by 2050 through the green energy policies, technology improvements, and infrastructure investments [2]. Due to this sustainable increase of wind power, the fossil-fueled power plants and nuclear power plants are planned to be shut down [3]. This aspect raises serious concerns regarding the stability and security of supply of future power systems with high levels of wind power.