Impact of Second-Generation Plug-In Battery Electric Vehicles on the Aging of Distribution Transformers Considering TOU Prices

This paper investigates the impact of second-generation (SG) plug-in battery electric vehicles (PBEVs) on distribution transformers insulation life considering the time-of-use (TOU) prices. The effect of dual Level 2 charging, 3.7kW, and 6.6kW on the loss of life (LOL) of a distribution transformer is also studied. The LOL results demonstrating the effectiveness of SG PBEVs charging as two clusters versus one cluster are discussed and conclusions are drawn.