W-band Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation Based on Frequency Quadrupling and Nonlinearities Tolerant Modulation

In this article, we present a W-band (3, 1) millimeter-wave vector signal generation based on frequency-quadrupled modulation and nonlinearities tolerant modulation by one Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). Despite the phase changes, the constellation and sequence of the received (3, 1) signal is consistent with the original regular signal after the detection of the photo-detector (PD). The obtained (3, 1) constellation has better performance compared to pre-coded quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation at the receiver end, and effectively reduces system complexity and cost. The frequency-quadrupled scheme is experimentally completed with different date rates at 2 and 4-Gbaud. The bit-error-ratios (BERs) results show that the BER performance of (3, 1) signal is superior to the pre-coded QPSK, and it is below the 7% hard-decision forward-error-correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10
⁻³
over 5 and 10 km single-mode-fiber (SMF) transmission
,
which demonstrates that the generation of (3, 1) vector mm-wave signal based on proposed frequency-quadrupled scheme and nonlinearities tolerant modulation can be used in our system.