An Evaluation of a High-Level Synthesis Approach to the FPGA-Based Submicrosecond Real-Time Simulation of Power Converters

This paper evaluates the benefits of using a high-level synthesis (HLS) tool to develop field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulators for power electronics systems. The investigated workflow generates a synthesizable hardware description from a system level C-code along with a set of directives that specify performance criteria such as area utilization and timing closure requirements. The performance of the HLS approach is evaluated for different circuit sizes and target clock frequencies. Results show that HLS can be used for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) applications when the circuit to be simulated is small and the target clock frequency is not too high (up to 100 MHz). For larger circuits and higher clock frequencies, HLS will either require a simulation time-step that is too large for real-time simulation purposes, or will tend to use almost all of the FPGA resources.