Distributed Energy Trading: The Multiple-Microgrid Case

In this paper, a distributed convex optimization framework is developed for energy trading between islanded microgrids. More specifically, the problem consists of several islanded microgrids that exchange energy flows by means of an arbitrary topology. Due to scalability issues and in order to safeguard local information on cost functions, a subgradient-based cost minimization algorithm that converges to the optimal solution in a practical number of iterations and with limited communication overhead is proposed. Furthermore, this approach allows for a very intuitive economics interpretation that explains the algorithm iterations in terms of a “supply–demand model” and “market clearing.” Numerical results are given in terms of the convergence rate of the algorithm and the attained costs for different network topologies.