Modulation Methods for Balancing the Capacitor Voltages of N-Level Diode-Clamped Converters

Diode-clamped converters (DCCs) suffer from the inherent capacitor voltage imbalance problem. Most software-based voltage-balancing methods fall into the space vector modulation category and the carrier-based pulsewidth modulation category. Despite their effectiveness for the three-level DCCs, it is not easy to extend them to a general
n
-level topology. In this article, a new modulation method of a category called good-switching (GS) PWM is proposed for balancing the capacitor voltages. The proposed method requires no parameter-tuning effort and is extremely simple to design even for the
n
-level topology regardless of the number of phases. It is also potentially applicable to other multilevel converters. The principle, the implementation, and the stability analysis of GS-PWM are elaborated for a generic
n
-level DCC. A modified GS-PWM scheme and an
on–off
control scheme are proposed to reduce the switching transitions for further realizing the advantages of the GS-PWM. Particularly, the
on–off
control can be extended to many other voltage-balancing methods. Simulation and experiments with a five-level DCC validate the proposed methods.