Seismic Data Strong Noise Attenuation Based on Diffusion Model and Principal Component Analysis

Seismic data noise processing is an important part of seismic exploration data processing, and the effect of noise elimination is directly related to the follow-up processing of data. In response to this problem, many authors have proposed methods based on rank reduction, sparse transformation, domain transformation, and deep learning (DL). However, such methods are often not ideal when faced with strong noise. Therefore, we propose to use diffusion model theory for noise removal. The Bayesian equation is used to reverse the noise addition process, and the noise reduction work is divided into multiple steps to effectively deal with high-noise situations. Furthermore, we propose to evaluate the noise level of blind Gaussian seismic data using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the number of steps for noise reduction processing of seismic data. We train the model on synthetic data and validate it on field data through transfer learning. Experiments show that the proposed method can identify most of the noise with less signal leakage. This has positive significance for high-precision seismic exploration and future seismic data signal processing research.