Two-Switch Voltage Equalizer Using an LLC Resonant Inverter and Voltage Multiplier for Partially Shaded Series-Connected Photovoltaic Modules

Various kinds of differential power processing converters and voltage equalizers have been proposed for series-connected photovoltaic (PV) modules to prevent negative influences of partial shading, such as significant reduction in power generation and the occurrence of multiple maximum power points (MPPs), including local and global MPPs, that hinders and confuses MPP tracking algorithms to operate properly. However, since conventional topologies are based on multiple individual dc–dc converters, the required switch count increases proportionally to the number of modules connected in series, increasing the complexity. A two-switch voltage equalizer using an LLC resonant inverter and voltage multiplier is proposed in this paper. The circuitry can be dramatically simplified compared with conventional topologies due to the two-switch configuration. Detailed operation analyses for the LLC resonant inverter and voltage multiplier are separately performed. Experimental equalization tests emulating partially shaded conditions were performed for four PV modules connected in series. With the proposed voltage equalizer, local MPPs successfully disappeared, and extractable maximum power increased compared with those without equalization, demonstrating the effectiveness and performance of the proposed voltage equalizer.