A Backward-Forward Sweep Based Power Flow Algorithm for Generalized AC-DC Distribution Network With Distributed Generations

Developing a power flow (PF) methodology for the AC-DC distribution network is complex but important, especially due to the involvement of power converters. In this work, a Backward-Forward Sweep (BFS) approach developed based on graph theory and matrix algebra is proposed for solving the PF for both the radial and mesh configured AC-DC distribution networks with distributed energy resources (DERs). For this purpose, first, the per-unit current, voltage, and power model of the 3-
$\phi$
pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier, 3-
$\phi$
PWM inverter, and DC/DC power converter have been developed. Then, a generalized sensitivity matrix has been developed for computing the loop breakpoint, PV breakpoint, and V
$^{dc}$
breakpoint injections simultaneously allowing the approach to work for both mesh and radial networks with DERs modeled as PQ, P, PV, and V
$^{dc}$
buses. The major benefits of the proposed algorithm are that it can incorporate various functional/control modes of the aforementioned converters. The feasibility of the proposed power flow algorithm has been explored on AC-DC distribution test networks. The test results show that the approach is feasible and precise.