User-Willingness-Based Decentralized EV Charging Management in Multiaggregator Scheduling

Electric vehicles (EV) offer a sustainable solution to the emission problems from transportation but require appropriate charging management facilities. This article presents a decentralized charging management scheme for EV scheduling in a multiaggregator scenario and is compared with a centralized scheduling (CES) strategy in terms of performance. Mobility-aware scheduling is implemented, where the EV arrival at charging stations is modeled using a survey conducted for the city of Jaipur, India, to evaluate the travel patterns. A new approach for modeling the willingness of the consumer has been presented that evaluates the willingness based on scheduling parameters, which include the charging cost, the charging duration, and the arrival/scheduling time of the vehicle. A penalty function has also been developed for the inclusion of the customer willingness into the profit equation. Results indicate superior performance of decentralized scheduling (DES) as compared with CES. Furthermore, the developed willingness indicator accommodates the preference of the EV driver, and the penalty factor represents the EV user's agreement with the scheduling in the profits. DES in collaborative scheduling provided the highest profits for the aggregators.