A Novel Method for Divergence Clean in 3-D Conformal Particle-in-Cell Code CEMPIC

For realizing divergence clean in our self-developed 3-D conformal particle-in-cell code CEMPIC, a commonly modified hyperbolic formulation to solve Maxwell’s equations is given. Based on this scheme, charged particles can directly be conformally emitted and absorbed. The modified purely hyperbolic Maxwell scheme can also be applied to perfectly matched layer (PML) formulation by using the auxiliary-differential equation technique, which will allow particles being within the PML region. Finally, some numerical examples are used to test the algorithms.