I. Introduction
With the growing demands on data services, it is becoming increasingly necessary to deploy more cells of smaller size. Consequently, there appear two serious problems in next-generation cellular networks. The first problem is more dynamics due to the movement of users and the small size of cells, and the second problem is the stronger intercell interference (ICI), particularly for the orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) systems. in traditional Global System for Mobile Communications and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, the ICI problem is solved to a certain degree by network planning strategies with frequency reuse, which usually have a high reuse factor to prevent adjacent cells from using the same frequency bands [1], [2]. However, these methods cannot deal with the previously mentioned problem. To do that, one needs to change the frequency pattern more frequently to adapt to the dynamic traffic maps, which will result in service interruptions to appear in the cells where frequency bands are changed. Enhanced ICI coordination (ICIC) [3] is exploited by the Third Generation Partnership Project, which uses the orthogonality in the time domain and is only applicable for specific scenarios, e.g., heterogeneous networks. from the spatiality aspect, the coordinated multipoint technique [4] is promising for ICIC based on joint signal processing but with high complexity and backhaul overhead.