Charging Strategy Optimization at Low Temperatures for Li-Ion Batteries Based on Multi-Factor Coupling Aging Model

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) charging at low temperatures will easily accelerate the aging of LIBs and reduce the useful life. This paper applies advanced multi-factors coupling aging model and bi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to derive suitable charging patterns for LIBs at low temperatures. Based on the results of orthogonal experiments, which consider the effects of charging rate, charging temperature and charging cut-off voltage on battery aging, the low-temperature capacity degradation model was established. Furthermore, two important yet competing charging objectives, including battery health and charging time, are taken into account simultaneously. These two conflicting charging objectives are traded off by solving a bi-objective optimization problem based on battery electrothermal and aging behavior. Combined with PSO algorithm, the optimal low-temperature charging strategy is obtained. As a result, the three-stage constant current and constant voltage (CC-CV) charging strategy is optimized to balance various combinations of charging objectives. Different tradeoffs are compared and analyzed based on the Pareto frontiers. The verification results show that the optimized three-stage CC-CV charging strategy can effectively offer feasible health-conscious charging with desirable tradeoffs among charging speed and battery health under low-temperature charging conditions.