Signed Quadrature Spatial Modulation for MIMO Systems

Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) was recently proposed to increase the spectral efficiency of spatial modulation. In QSM, the real and imaginary parts of a symbol are transmitted independently from different antennas. A new spatial modulation technique, termed
signed quadrature spatial modulation
(SQSM), is introduced in this paper. Unlike QSM, SQSM creates four-dimensional spatial constellation, and hence results in higher system throughput. This technique extends the traditional spatial-constellation dimension into
$\pm$
in-phase and quadrature-phase dimensions. The ensuing constellation consists of four antenna indices, which are chosen independently in order to transmit the real and imaginary parts of the modulated symbols and their inverse. The performance of the proposed technique is compared to the most-recent SM techniques, namely, QSM, double SM, and improved QSM (IQSM). Numerical results demonstrate that SQSM provides significant performance gains (3–7 dB), particularly when a large number of transmit antennas is used. This comes with a marginal increase in computational complexity compared to QSM and SM. Also, while IQSM can be competitive with SQSM in some cases, SQSM has a much lower computational complexity, e.g., 46% reduction in complexity in case of 16 transmit antennas and 16 bps/Hz.